Outline for the Final Exam (Test III)

Biological processes of speciation

• Evolutionary change within a lineage
  • Extrinsic change
    • Introgressive hybridization
  • Intrinsic change
• Evolutionary change that produces new lineages
  • Mechanisms in panmictic lineages
    • Geographic isolation
      • disjunct ranges
      • allopatric species
      • sympatric species
      • parapatric species
      • geographic range division with isolating mechanisms
      • reproductive and/or sexual isolating mechanisms
      • model of allopatric speciation
    • Speciation by hybridization
      • recognition of hybrids - methods and means
      • isolating mechanisms - prezygotic and postzygotic
      • stabilization of hybrids
    • Speciation by ecological isolation
    • Speciation by polyploidy - abrupt speciation
  • Apomictic Lineages
    • mechanisms of apomixis
      • vegetative reproduction
      • embryonic reproduction (two types)

  Types of species (definitions)

  Numerical Taxonomy

  • Characters
  • character states
  • OTU's
  • Ordination
  • Classification
  • Cladistics

  Chemotaxonomy

  • Origins
  • Useful compounds
  • Value
  • Examples
  • Techniques

  Biogeography

  • Floristic elements
  • Disjuncts

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  Last updated December 4, 1997.

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